CWE-256 明文存储口令

Unprotected Storage of Credentials

结构: Simple

Abstraction: Base

状态: Incomplete

被利用可能性: High

基本描述

Storing a password in plaintext may result in a system compromise.

扩展描述

Password management issues occur when a password is stored in plaintext in an application's properties or configuration file. Storing a plaintext password in a configuration file allows anyone who can read the file access to the password-protected resource.

相关缺陷

  • cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 522 cwe_View_ID: 1000 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

  • cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 522 cwe_View_ID: 699 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

  • cwe_Nature: CanAlsoBe cwe_CWE_ID: 319 cwe_View_ID: 1000

  • cwe_Nature: CanAlsoBe cwe_CWE_ID: 319 cwe_View_ID: 699

适用平台

Language: {'cwe_Class': 'Language-Independent', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Undetermined'}

常见的影响

范围 影响 注释
Access Control Gain Privileges or Assume Identity

可能的缓解方案

Architecture and Design

策略:

Avoid storing passwords in easily accessible locations.

Architecture and Design

策略:

Consider storing cryptographic hashes of passwords as an alternative to storing in plaintext.

策略:

A programmer might attempt to remedy the password management problem by obscuring the password with an encoding function, such as base 64 encoding, but this effort does not adequately protect the password because the encoding can be detected and decoded easily.

示例代码

例

The following code reads a password from a properties file and uses the password to connect to a database.

bad Java

...
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"));
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
DriverManager.getConnection(url, usr, password);
...

This code will run successfully, but anyone who has access to config.properties can read the value of password. If a devious employee has access to this information, they can use it to break into the system.

例

The following code reads a password from the registry and uses the password to create a new network credential.

bad Java

...
String password = regKey.GetValue(passKey).toString();
NetworkCredential netCred = new NetworkCredential(username,password,domain);
...

This code will run successfully, but anyone who has access to the registry key used to store the password can read the value of password. If a devious employee has access to this information, they can use it to break into the system

例

The following examples show a portion of properties and configuration files for Java and ASP.NET applications. The files include username and password information but they are stored in plaintext.

This Java example shows a properties file with a plaintext username / password pair.

bad Java


# Java Web App ResourceBundle properties file
...
webapp.ldap.username=secretUsername
webapp.ldap.password=secretPassword
...

The following example shows a portion of a configuration file for an ASP.Net application. This configuration file includes username and password information for a connection to a database but the pair is stored in plaintext.

bad ASP.NET

...
<connectionStrings>
<add name="ud_DEV" connectionString="connectDB=uDB; uid=db2admin; pwd=password; dbalias=uDB;" providerName="System.Data.Odbc" />
</connectionStrings>
...

Username and password information should not be included in a configuration file or a properties file in plaintext as this will allow anyone who can read the file access to the resource. If possible, encrypt this information and avoid CWE-260 and CWE-13.

分类映射

映射的分类名 ImNode ID Fit Mapped Node Name
7 Pernicious Kingdoms Password Management
Software Fault Patterns SFP23 Exposed Data

引用