CWE-257 以可恢复格式存储口令

Storing Passwords in a Recoverable Format

结构: Simple

Abstraction: Base

状态: Incomplete

被利用可能性: High

基本描述

The storage of passwords in a recoverable format makes them subject to password reuse attacks by malicious users. In fact, it should be noted that recoverable encrypted passwords provide no significant benefit over plaintext passwords since they are subject not only to reuse by malicious attackers but also by malicious insiders. If a system administrator can recover a password directly, or use a brute force search on the available information, the administrator can use the password on other accounts.

适用平台

Language: {'cwe_Class': 'Language-Independent', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Undetermined'}

常见的影响

范围	影响	注释
['Confidentiality', 'Access Control']	Gain Privileges or Assume Identity	User's passwords may be revealed.
Access Control	Gain Privileges or Assume Identity	Revealed passwords may be reused elsewhere to impersonate the users in question.

可能的缓解方案

Architecture and Design

策略:

Use strong, non-reversible encryption to protect stored passwords.

示例代码

例

Both of these examples verify a password by comparing it to a stored compressed version.

bad C

int VerifyAdmin(char *password) {

if (strcmp(compress(password), compressed_password)) {

printf("Incorrect Password!\n");
return(0);

}
printf("Entering Diagnostic Mode...\n");
return(1);

}

bad Java

int VerifyAdmin(String password) {

if (passwd.Equals(compress(password), compressed_password)) {

return(0);

}
//Diagnostic Mode
return(1);

}

Because a compression algorithm is used instead of a one way hashing algorithm, an attacker can recover compressed passwords stored in the database.

例

The following examples show a portion of properties and configuration files for Java and ASP.NET applications. The files include username and password information but they are stored in plaintext.

This Java example shows a properties file with a plaintext username / password pair.

bad Java

# Java Web App ResourceBundle properties file
...
webapp.ldap.username=secretUsername
webapp.ldap.password=secretPassword
...

The following example shows a portion of a configuration file for an ASP.Net application. This configuration file includes username and password information for a connection to a database but the pair is stored in plaintext.

bad ASP.NET

...
<connectionStrings>

</connectionStrings>
...

Username and password information should not be included in a configuration file or a properties file in plaintext as this will allow anyone who can read the file access to the resource. If possible, encrypt this information and avoid CWE-260 and CWE-13.

Notes

分类映射

映射的分类名	ImNode ID	Fit	Mapped Node Name
CLASP			Storing passwords in a recoverable format
Software Fault Patterns	SFP23		Exposed Data

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